An anal fissure is a tear in the tissue of the anus. The anus is the last part of the digestive tract. It has a ring of muscle sphincter that opens during a bowel movement to allow stool feces to pass through.
A fissure is caused by the anal tissue stretching too much. This can happen during a hard bowel movement. It causes pain and bleeding. Anal fissures are not the same as hemorrhoids. But the symptoms can be similar. Hemorrhoids are inflamed blood vessels in or just outside the anus. An anal fissure is one of the most common noncancer benign conditions of the anus and rectum.
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The most common cause is large or hard stools because of constipation. A fissure may also be caused by severe diarrhea, anal sex, vaginal childbirth, or an object inserted into the anus. An anal fissure is one of the most common causes of anal pain and bleeding.
Symptoms can occur a bit differently in each person. They can include:. The symptoms of an anal fissure may be like other health conditions. See your healthcare provider for a diagnosis. Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and health history.
Your provider will give you a physical exam. The physical exam will include examining your anal area. Your provider will gently separate your buttocks. The provider will look at the area around the anus for a tear and other signs of a fissure. Where the fissure is may help find the cause. Fissures most often occur in the back center of the anus. Some occur in the front center of the anus. You may also have:.
