Metrics details. The black soldier fly Hermetia illucens is the most promising insect candidate for nutrient-recycling through bioconversion of organic waste into biomass, thereby improving sustainability of protein supplies for animal feed and facilitating transition to a circular economy. Contrary to conventional livestock, genetic resources of farmed insects remain poorly characterised. We present the first comprehensive population genetic characterisation of H.
Based on 15 novel microsatellite markers, we genotyped and analysed individuals from wild and captive populations originating from 57 countries on seven subcontinents. We identified 16 well-distinguished genetic clusters indicating substantial global population structure. The data revealed genetic hotspots in central South America and successive northwards range expansions within the indigenous ranges of the Americas.
Colonisations and naturalisations of largely unique genetic profiles occurred on all non-native continents, either preceded by demographically independent founder events from various single sources or involving admixture scenarios.
A decisive primarily admixed Polynesian bridgehead population serially colonised the entire Australasian region and its secondarily admixed descendants successively mediated invasions into Africa and Europe. Conversely, captive populations from several continents traced back to a single North American origin and exhibit considerably reduced genetic diversity, although some farmed strains carry distinct genetic signatures.
We highlight genetic footprints characteristic of progressing domestication due to increasing socio-economic importance of H. We document the dynamic population genetic history of a cosmopolitan dipteran of South American origin shaped by striking geographic patterns.
