To browse Academia. Clavine is one of the most important and industrious Portuguese shipbuilders of the 18th century, a leading figure of a new period in the History of Naval Architecture and shipbuilding, integrated in a homogenization policy of the Armada.
Despite being often mentioned as the author of some of the most remarkable ships of the late s, however, till now, very little was known about the life and work of this master shipbuilder, who was in service, for more than four decades, at the Royal Arsenal of Lisbon. The few biographical references known to date, were written by the famous Venetian geographer Adriano Balbi , who was in Portugal during the first quarter of the 19th century, who mentions him in a chapter dedicated to Naval Architecture; and later, by Friar Francisco de S.
In addition to being recognized for its extensive production and activity, and the excellent ships built by him, Clavina is pointed out by Balbi as having adopted the theory of the famous Swedish shipbuilder Frederik Chapman. This is, without a doubt, an extraordinary circumstance in the History of Portuguese Naval Construction that we intend to examine here, along with the characterization of his work and the contribution of new biographical data.
Figure 1. How do collapse calderas form and why do some collapses result in very large eruptions? How can graben subsidence suppress or, alternatively, trigger eruptions? Thordarson become arrested, while a tiny 'finger' made it to the surface to erupt? And why are there so frequent eruptions in the nearby Sundhnukar Fissure, and still on-going?
In this paper we discuss three different kinds of disagreement that have been, or could reasonably be, characterized as deep disagreements. Principle level disagreements are disagreements over the truth of epistemic principles. Sub-principle level deep disagreements are disagreements over how to assign content to schematic norms. Finally, framework-level disagreements are holistic disagreements over meaning not truth, that is over how to understand networks of epistemic concepts and the beliefs those concepts compose.
