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Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The factors related to cyanotoxin occurrence and its social impact, with comprehension and risk perception being the most important issues, are not yet completely understood in the Cuban context.
The objectives of this research were to determine the risk extension and microcystin-LR levels, and to identify the environmental factors that trigger the toxic cyanobacteria growth and microcystin-LR occurrence in 24 water reservoirs in eastern Cuba. Samplings were performed in the early morning hours, with in situ determination and physicochemical analysis carried out in the laboratory. The reservoirs studied were found to be affected by eutrophication, with high levels of TN:TP ratio and phytoplankton cell concentrations, high water temperatures and low transparency, which cause collateral effect such as cyanobacterial bloom and microcystin-LR occurrence.
The increasing eutrophication of aquatic environments caused by industrial development favors the massive growth of microorganisms such as cyanobacteria [ 1 ]; these species are able to produce potent toxins i. The consequences of the poisoning or damage caused by cyanotoxins are often being addressed in the medical world, leading to large economic costs [ 5 ]. Some environmental factors such as pH, spectral irradiance and temperature can influence the proliferation of toxic phytoplankton species in water bodies [ 6 , 7 ].
Additionally, eutrophication occurs due to agriculture and urbanization, whereby some cyanobacteria species can multiply rapidly and form blooms [ 8 ]. Moreover, the current changing climate could potentially favor toxic cyanobacteria growth [ 6 , 9 , 10 ].
Microcystin is the most studied cyanotoxin with more than 90 variants, microcystin-LR MC-LR being the most toxic and widely-distributed [ 13 ]. It is crucial to note that water coverage is one of the most important indicators for human development [ 14 ]. In Cuba, even though irrigation is identified as the main use for water reservoirs, the drinking water supply has the most important and complex use because it needs water treatment availability and management in order to comply with safe water quality standards [ 15 ].