Staphylococcus aureus S. Antibiotics were first introduced in the s, leading to the belief that bacterial illnesses would be eradicated. However, microorganisms, including S. Antibiotic resistance is now one of the most serious threats to global public health.
Bacteria like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA remain a major problem despite several efforts to find new antibiotics. New treatment approaches are required, with bacteriophage treatment, a non-antibiotic strategy to treat bacterial infections, showing particular promise. The ability of S. Bacteriophages have a relatively restricted range of action, enabling them to target pathogenic bacteria. Their usage, usually in the form of a cocktail of bacteriophages, allows for more focused treatment while also overcoming the emergence of resistance.
However, many obstacles remain, particularly in terms of their effects in vivo , necessitating the development of animal models to assess the bacteriophage efficiency. Here, we provide a review of the animal models, the various clinical case treatments, and clinical trials for S.
More than a century ago, bacteriophages were offered as an alternate therapy for bacterial diseases. However, the discovery of antibiotics led to phage treatment being mostly ignored, with the exception of some Eastern European nations Chanishvili, The research and development of novel antibiotics has been largely abandoned by the majority of pharmaceutical companies Projan, ; Projan and Shlaes, This has resulted in a 90 percent decrease in new systemic antibiotic approvals by the United States Food and Drug Administration FDA over the last 30 years Spellberg et al.
Therefore, the WHO has urged researchers to design innovative antibacterial approaches for treating priority antibiotic-resistant infections Asokan et al. The use of specialized and individualized phage mixtures has shown to be an interesting alternative in the fight against multi-drug resistant bacteria Kortright et al. Phage therapy, a non-antibiotic technique for treating bacterial infections, has recently regained popularity.
