He is among the most influential and acclaimed figures in the history of jazz and 20th-century music. Davis adopted a variety of musical directions in a roughly five-decade career that kept him at the forefront of many major stylistic developments in jazz. Born into an upper-middle-class [ 2 ] family in Alton, Illinois , and raised in East St. Louis , Davis started on the trumpet in his early teens. He left to study at Juilliard in New York City, before dropping out and making his professional debut as a member of saxophonist Charlie Parker 's bebop quintet from to Shortly after, he recorded the Birth of the Cool sessions for Capitol Records , which were instrumental to the development of cool jazz.
In the early s, while addicted to heroin, Davis recorded some of the earliest hard bop music under Prestige Records. After a widely acclaimed comeback performance at the Newport Jazz Festival , he signed a long-term contract with Columbia Records , and recorded the album 'Round About Midnight in During this period, he alternated between orchestral jazz collaborations with arranger Gil Evans , such as the Spanish music -influenced Sketches of Spain , and band recordings, such as Milestones and Kind of Blue During the s, he experimented with rock, funk, African rhythms , emerging electronic music technology , and an ever-changing lineup of musicians, including keyboardist Joe Zawinul , drummer Al Foster , bassist Michael Henderson , and guitarist John McLaughlin.
After a five-year retirement due to poor health, Davis resumed his career in the s, employing younger musicians and pop sounds on albums such as The Man with the Horn , You're Under Arrest and Tutu Critics were often unreceptive but the decade garnered Davis his highest level of commercial recognition. He performed sold-out concerts worldwide, while branching out into visual arts, film, and television work, before his death in from the combined effects of a stroke, pneumonia and respiratory failure.
Davis was born on May 26, , to an affluent African-American family in Alton , Illinois, 15 miles 24 kilometres north of St. They owned a acre 81 ha estate near Pine Bluff , Arkansas, with a profitable pig farm.
In Pine Bluff, he and his siblings fished, hunted, and rode horses. In , the family moved to East St. Louis, Illinois. They lived on the second floor of a commercial building behind a dental office in a predominantly white neighborhood. Davis's father would soon become distant to his children as the Great Depression caused him to become increasingly consumed by his job; typically working six days a week. In , Davis received his first trumpet as a gift from John Eubanks, a friend of his father.
